Dogs and cats have become an integral part of our lives, offering companionship, affection and cheerfulness. But what are the origins of these two species and how have they developed their eating habits over the centuries? Although there is often a tendency to downplay these differences, they are actually animals with specific nutritional needs, which result from different adaptations during their evolution. Let’s see them together…

THE DOG WAS A WOLF

The dog, which is considered man’s “best friend,” has a history of coexistence with mankind dating back thousands of years. Originally descended from wild wolves, dogs were domesticated to perform useful tasks for humans, such as hunting, guarding and herding. Domestication led to a close relationship between the two species, and the dog became a loyal companion. Not only that, with the selection of different breeds, typical character and behavioral attitudes have developed that often reflect the morphological differences among them. Here, then. Reducing it to a mere “great-grandson of the wolf” seems reductive, to say the least., at least for many breeds we know nowadays. A French Bouledogue and a German Shepherd are both dogs., certainly, but with specific needs and particular needs that are well defined and determined by as many evolutionary factors.

THE CAT A HUNTER … OF MICE

Cats, on the contrary, with a more independent appearance, have a history of adoption by humans dating back some 9,000 years. Initially attracted to food stores, cats became valuable to human society as they helped keep the rodent population under control. The ability to hunt mice and rats made them welcome in agriculture and, in time, became integrated into human homes, becoming beloved pets, while always remaining true to their territorial and behavioral “independence.” They are still serial predators today, when they are allowed to enact such eating behaviors; therefore, it is important to remember this when we talk about their nutritional needs as strict carnivores.

BUT SO, DOG AND CAT ARE CARNIVORES?

The evolution of the dog as a hunter and working animal has influenced its eating habits. Originally carnivores, dogs have become more adaptable through their relationship with humans. Today, many dog breeds are fed a balanced diet consisting of meat or fish, grains and vegetables. The dog food industry offers a variety of options, including dry, wet and dietary foods specific to a dog’s individual needs.

In contrast to dogs, cats are precisely considered obligate carnivores, which means they require mainly meat for a healthy diet. This reflects their nature as hunters, with the need for animal protein and fats to maintain their health.In fact, what are considered the main essential needs of this species are concentrated in these ingredients, and cat foods are formulated with this need in mind, providing balanced blends of animal protein sources (meat or fish), essential vitamins and minerals.

Dr. Alessandra Calini

Veterinary physician nutritionist